Find a closed form expression for
∞∑r=1sin(rπx)r⋅yr
I know that ∞∑r=1sin(rπx)r=π2−{x2} but I don't know how to obtain a closed form for the required summation. I thought about using Euler's Formula but it became messy.
Any help will be appreciated.
Thanks.
Answer
∞∑r=1sin(rπx)r⋅yr=Im∞∑r=1exp(irπx)r⋅yr=Im∫∞0ds∞∑r=1(eiπx−sy)r=Im∫∞0dseiπxesy−eiπx=
=−Imlog(1−eiπxy)=−arctan(1−cos(πx)y,−sin(πx)y) ,
where log is the principal branch of the complex logarithm, and we used 1/z=∫∞0ds e−sz, for z>0. The function arctan with two arguments is described here https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArcTan.html. I checked with Mathematica a few cases and it seems it works.
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