Tuesday, 27 November 2018

calculus - Derivative has finite, unequal left and right limits at a point; is the function non-differentiable at this point?

I have a short question, related to the ongoing search of mathematics instructors for counter-examples to common undergraduate mistakes.



The classical example of a function that is differentiable everywhere but has discontinuous derivative is
\begin{equation}
f(x)=\left\{
\begin{array}{cc}
x^2\sin(1/x) &(x\neq0), \\
0 &(x=0),
\end{array}\right.
\end{equation}

which has derivative
\begin{equation}
f'(x)=\left\{
\begin{array}{cc}
2x\sin(1/x)-\cos(1/x) &(x\neq0), \\
0 &(x=0).
\end{array}\right.
\end{equation}
$f'$ fails to be continuous at $0$ purely because its left- and right-hand limits do not even exist at $0$.




However, suppose that we have found a function $g$ whose derivative $g'$ has finite but unequal left- and right-hand limits at some cluster point $x_0$ in its domain. May we conclude that $g$ is not differentiable at $x_0$?



If this is not the case, is there a simple counter-example? (I'm guessing such a counter-example ought to be more complicated than the $f$ I have given above, as $f$ is sometimes claimed to be the simplest example of a differentiable function with discontinuous derivative.)



Thanks in advance!

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