Sunday, 23 June 2019

calculus - Evaluating inti0nftyfraccospixe2pisqrtx1mathrmdx



I am trying to show that0cosπxe2πx1dx=228



I have verified this numerically on Mathematica.




I have tried substituting u=2πx then using the cosine Maclaurin series and then the ζ(s)Γ(s) integral formula but this doesn't work because interchanging the sum and the integral isn't valid, and results in a divergent series.



I am guessing it is easy with complex analysis, but I am looking for an elementary way if possible.


Answer



This integral is one of Ramanujan's in his Collected Papers where he also shows the connection with the sin case.



Define 0cos(aπxb)e2πx1dx



If a and b are both odd. In this case, they are both a=b=1.




Then, 14bk=1(b2k)cos(k2πab)b4ab/aak=1(a2k)sin(π4+k2πba)



letting a=b=1 results in your posted solution.


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