Sunday, 15 March 2015

linear algebra - Polynomial Interpolation And polynomial Roots



Given {(x1,y1),...,(xn,yn)}, we can interpolate a polynomial P. Assume polynomial P has some roots including an specific root β.



Consider we change one of yi to yi. Given {(x1,y1),...,(xi,yi),..,(xn,yn)} we interpolate a polynomial P.



Question 1: Would it be possible that P has the root β, too?




Question 2: Would it be possible that P has the same degree as P and P has the root β, too?



Notation: yi is defined as P(xi)=yi



Edit: xi0 , xixj, the polynomials, xi's and yi's are defined over finite field Fp for a large prime p.


Answer



Actually if β is not one of your xj's then it's impossible. Indeed, the two polynomials P and P have degree n1 (at most) and take the same value on all xj for ji (namely, yj), so if they both vanished at β they would have the same value at n points, and thus they would be equal, which is not the case since they have different values at xi.



Of course, as pointed out in the comments, if β=xjxi then P and P trivially a common root.


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