Determine if the next limit exists and calculate its value if it exists.
limn→∞∫∞−∞(sin(x))nx2+1dλ(x)
where λ is the Lebesgue measure in R
My attepmt: We consider fn(x)=(sin(x))nx2+1, and g(x)=1x2+1. Note that g is absoltely improper Riemann integragle, that is, ∫∞−∞|g(x)|dx<∞ because
∫∞−∞|g(x)|dx=∫∞−∞g(x)dx=∫∞−∞1x2+1dx=2∫∞01x2+1dx=π<∞.
Therefore, g is Lebegsue integrable in [−∞,∞] and
∫∞−∞g(x)dλ(x)=∫∞−∞g(x)dx=π<∞.
Note that |fn(x)|≤g(x) for all x∈[−∞,∞]. Also, {fn(x)}n converge for each x∈[−∞,∞], then we define f as
f(x)=limn→∞fn(x)={1ifx=π2+2mπfor some m∈N−1ifx=3π2+2mπ for some m∈N0otherwise
We have that ∫∞−∞fdλ(x)=0 because f is not zero in a discrete set. Is it correct?
Then, by Dominated Convergence Theorem we have that f is Lebesgue integrable and
limn→∞∫∞−∞(sin(x))nx2+1dλ(x)=limn→∞∫∞−∞fn(x)dλ(x)=∫∞−∞limn→∞fn(x)dλ(x)=∫∞−∞f(x)dλ(x)=0.
The question: Is my attempt correct? Do I have an error? and if I have it, what is it?
Answer
The only small mistake is that for x of the form 3π/2+2πm, fn(x) is of the form (−1)nc where c do not depend on n hence the sequence (fn(x))n⩾ is not convergent.
However, the almost everywhere convergence is sufficient to apply the dominated convergence theorem. Actually, we do not even need to see what happens on the set N:=\left\{\pi/2+2\pi m,m\in\mathbb Z\right\}\cup \left\{3\pi/2+2\pi m,m\in\mathbb Z\right\} since its measure is zero.
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