Monday, 21 January 2019

real analysis - Antiderivative of discontinuous function



I am having confusion regarding anti-derivative of a function.



$$f(x) =
\left\{\begin{array}{ll}
-\frac{x^2}{2} + 4 & x \le 0 \\
\phantom{-} \frac{x^2}{2} + 2 & x > 0
\end{array} \right.
$$




Consider the domain $[-1, 2]$.
Clearly the function is Riemann integrable as it is discontinuous at finite number of point. However is there a function $g(x)$ such that $g'(x) = f(x) \forall x \in [-1,2] $ ?


Answer



There is no such function, because by Darboux's theorem (cf. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darboux's_theorem_(analysis) ), every derivative has to fulfill the intermediate value theorem, but $f$ does not.


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