I'm trying to solve this limit without using L'hopital's Rule or Taylor Series. Any help is appreciated!
lim
Answer
One possible way is to shoot linear functions at the limit - not very elegant, but it works. Let:
f(x)=x^3-\frac{x^2}{2}+e^x-\sin x-1,\;\;x\geq 0
Computing the first few derivatives of f:
f'(x)=3x^2-x+e^x-\cos x
f''(x)=6x-1+e^x+\sin x
f'' is clearly increasing and since f''(0)=0 we have f''(x)>0 for x\in (0,a) for some a.
This in turn implies that f' is strictly increasing and since f'(0)=0 we again have f'(x)>0 for x\in (0,a). Finally, this means f is also increasing on this interval, and since f(0)=0 we have:
0\leq x\leq a:\quad f(x)\geq 0
\Rightarrow \;\;\frac{e^x-\sin x-1}{x^2}\geq \frac{1}{2}-x
Similarly by considering h(x)=-x^3-\dfrac{x^2}{2}+e^x-\sin x-1 it is very easy to show that:
0\leq x\leq b: \quad h(x)\leq 0
\Rightarrow \;\;\frac{1}{2}+x\geq\frac{e^x-\sin x-1}{x^2}
Hence for small positive x we have:
\frac{1}{2}-x\leq\frac{e^x-\sin x-1}{x^2}\leq \frac{1}{2}+x
\lim_{x\to 0^+}\frac{e^x-\sin x-1}{x^2}=\frac{1}{2}
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