Friday, 27 September 2019

Find limit without using L'hopital or Taylor's series



I'm trying to solve this limit without using L'hopital's Rule or Taylor Series. Any help is appreciated!



lim


Answer



One possible way is to shoot linear functions at the limit - not very elegant, but it works. Let:



f(x)=x^3-\frac{x^2}{2}+e^x-\sin x-1,\;\;x\geq 0




Computing the first few derivatives of f:



f'(x)=3x^2-x+e^x-\cos x
f''(x)=6x-1+e^x+\sin x



f'' is clearly increasing and since f''(0)=0 we have f''(x)>0 for x\in (0,a) for some a.
This in turn implies that f' is strictly increasing and since f'(0)=0 we again have f'(x)>0 for x\in (0,a). Finally, this means f is also increasing on this interval, and since f(0)=0 we have:



0\leq x\leq a:\quad f(x)\geq 0




\Rightarrow \;\;\frac{e^x-\sin x-1}{x^2}\geq \frac{1}{2}-x



Similarly by considering h(x)=-x^3-\dfrac{x^2}{2}+e^x-\sin x-1 it is very easy to show that:



0\leq x\leq b: \quad h(x)\leq 0



\Rightarrow \;\;\frac{1}{2}+x\geq\frac{e^x-\sin x-1}{x^2}



Hence for small positive x we have:




\frac{1}{2}-x\leq\frac{e^x-\sin x-1}{x^2}\leq \frac{1}{2}+x



\lim_{x\to 0^+}\frac{e^x-\sin x-1}{x^2}=\frac{1}{2}


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