Tuesday 14 August 2018

Summation of series with factorial



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I tried breaking the terms into differences or finding a generalised term but did not get it right. Can someone please help me to proceed with this?


Answer



Assuming the first term is $1$ (and not $2$ as written), the general term of the series is, for $n\geq 1$,
$$
a_n \stackrel{\rm def}{=} \frac{\prod_{k=2}^{n}(2k+1)}{n!3^{n-1}}
= \frac{\prod_{k=1}^{n}(2k+1)}{n!3^{n}}
= \frac{(2n+1)!}{n!3^{n}\prod_{k=1}^n(2k)}
= \frac{(2n+1)!}{n!3^{n}2^nn!}
= \frac{(2n+1)!}{(n!)^26^{n}}
$$

or, equivalently, $a_n= \binom{2n}{n}\left(\frac{1}{6}\right)^n$.



Now, either you work towards finding the general form for $$f(x) = \sum_{n=1}^\infty (2n+1) \binom{2n}{n}x^n$$
(a power series with radius of convergence $1/4$), which you can find by relating it to both
$
g(x) = \sum_{n=1}^\infty n\binom{2n}{n}x^{n-1}
$
(recognize a derivative) and $
h(x) = \sum_{n=1}^\infty \binom{2n}{n}x^{n}
$, since $$f(x) = 2xg(x)+h(x)\,;$$

or, by other means (there may be?) you establish that
$f(1/6) = 3\sqrt{3}$, leading to
$$
\sum_{n=1}^\infty a_n = 3\sqrt{3}.
$$


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