Tuesday, 24 December 2013

calculus - Square integrable and related limit



Let a continuous function x:[0,)R. Does xL2[0,) (square integrable i.e. lim) implies \lim_{t\rightarrow\infty}\int_0^t{e^{-\lambda(t-s)}x(s)ds}=0 for every \lambda>0?



I can prove this if x is bounded but does it also hold true for unbounded x?



Note that \int_0^t{e^{-\lambda(t-s)}x(s)ds} is a bounded also square integrable function if x is square integrable and no boundedness assumption on x is needed for this.



Answer



Hint:



For any \delta>0, there exists b>0 such that \int_{b}^\infty x^2(s)dx<\delta^2. Denote M=\max_{[0, b]} |x(s)|.



As you noted, we have
\int_0^b e^{-\lambda(t-s)} x(s) ds\to 0 \text{ when $t\to \infty$.}



On the other hand, suppose t\gg b, we have




\int_b^t e^{-\lambda(t-s)} x(s) ds\le \sqrt{\int_b^t e^{-2\lambda(t-s)}ds\delta^2} \\ \le \frac{1}{2\lambda} \delta



It follows that the desired limit must be 0.


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