The problem is to evaluate the improper integral:
I=∫∞0sin(xt)(1−cos(at))t2dt.
This can be written as follows:
I=∫∞0dtsin(xt)t∫a0sin(yt)dy=∫∞0dt∫a0sin(xt)sin(yt)tdy
In a previous problem, I determined:
J=∫∞0sin(xt)sin(yt)tdt=12log(|x−yx+y|)
which converges uniformly with respect to y as long as |x|≠|y|. Hence the order of integration can be interchanged for I to get:
I=∫a0dy∫∞0sin(xt)sin(yt)tdt=∫a012log(|x−yx+y|)dy
This result may not be valid if |a|≥|x| since J becomes unbounded if |x|=|y|. If I integrate J with respect to y from 0 to a, y is going to eventually reach |x| or −|x| if |a|≥|x|.
Is it valid to integrate with respect to y over singularities in J provided that ∫a012log(|x−yx+y|)dy converges? Or does I actually diverge if |a|≥|x|?
I think the proper way to do this is as follows. Assume a>x>0 to simplify the problem. Then I should integrate as follows:
I=∫∞0dt∫x−ϵ0sin(xt)sin(yt)tdy+∫x+ϵx−ϵsin(xt)sin(yt)tdy+∫ax+ϵsin(xt)sin(yt)tdy
Then I must show that the middle integral approaches 0 and ϵ→0. But the outside integrals diverge.
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