It is obvious that we have:
limx→1−∑∞n=0xn∑∞n=0xn=limx→1−1=1.
But let us now write this sum in two ways, let an=xn and bn=x2n+x2n+1 we thus have ∑∞n=0xn=∑∞n=0an=∑∞n=0bn. We can write the above limit as:
limx→1−limN→∞∑Nn=0an∑Nn=0bn=limN→∞limx→1−∑Nn=0an∑Nn=0bn,
where we can swap limits because of the Moore-Osgood Theorem. We now find for the right hand side:
limN→∞limx→1−∑Nn=0an∑Nn=0bn=limN→∞N+12(N+1)=12.
This shows that 1=12 which is clearly incorrect, but I do not see where the error occurs, I guess it is in the step where the Moore-Osgood Theorem is applied where we define fN(x)=∑Nn=0an∑Nn=0bn.
EDIT: I believe I have found the error, in order to apply the Moore-Osgood Theorem we need uniform convergence from fN(x) to f(x)=∑∞n=0an∑∞n=0bn but this f is not continuous, therefore we can not apply Dini's theorem to show that pointwise convergence implies uniform convegence.
Answer
In order to use the Moore-Osgood Theorem, you must make sure that (fn)n≥0 converges uniformly toward f.
i.e.sup[0,1]|fn−f|→0.
This is not the case here.
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