Wednesday, 16 January 2013

definite integrals - Closed form for suminftyk=0fracGamma(k+z)psi(k+1)k!xk



I remember seeing a closed form for the series :
k=0Γ(k+z)ψ(k+1)k!xk|x|<1


But i don't seem to recall what it was . I tried replacing the gamma function with its Euler's integral , and then changing the order of summation and integration, using the fact that :

k=0ψ(k+1)k!yk=ey(logy+Γ(0,y)

Thus :
k=0Γ(k+z)ψ(k+1)k!xk=0yz1e(x1)y[(log(xy)+Γ(0,xy))]dy

=xz0ωz1e(11x)ω[logω+Γ(0,ω)]dω

Where Γ(,) is the incomplete gamma function.
But i don't know how to do the integral !


Answer




Lemma 1. By the extended binomial theorem, k0Γ(k+z)k!xk=Γ(z)(1x)z.




Lemma 2. The series definition of the digamma function ensures
ψ(k+1)=γ+n1(1n1n+k)=γ+n1+0ent(1ekt)dt=γ++01ektet1dt=γ+10uk1u1du.




By Lemma 1 and Lemma 2,
k0Γ(k+z)ψ(k+1)k!xk=γΓ(z)(1x)z+Γ(z)101u1(1(1ux)z1(1x)z)du


and by applying integration by parts
k0Γ(k+z)ψ(k+1)k!xk=γΓ(z)(1x)zΓ(z+1)10xlog(1u)(1ux)z+1du.

Now the last integral can be seen as the derivative of a hypergeometric function (by substituting u(1u) then exploiting log(u)=ddαuα|α=0+) or expanded as a series by exploiting log(1u)=m1umm.



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