Thursday 25 January 2018

sequences and series - Infinite trigonometry Summation: $ sum_{k=1}^infty left( cos frac{pi}{2k}-cos frac{pi}{2(k+2)} right) $



I would like to evaluate
$$

\sum_{k=1}^\infty \left( \cos \frac{\pi}{2k}-\cos \frac{\pi}{2(k+2)} \right)
$$
Summation image please view before solving



I saw a pattern and realized the answer will converge and the final summation will be 1-(1/√2) but I am going wrong somewhere .Answer given is 2-(1/√2)
Plz help


Answer



This may be seen as a telescoping series, one may write for $N\ge1$,
$$
\small{\sum_{k=1}^N\! \left( \cos \frac{\pi}{2k}-\cos \frac{\pi}{2(k+2)} \right)\!=\sum_{k=1}^N \!\left(\! \cos \frac{\pi}{2k}-\cos \frac{\pi}{2(k+1)}\! \right)\!+\!\sum_{k=1}^N\! \left(\! \cos \frac{\pi}{2(k+1)}-\cos \frac{\pi}{2(k+2)} \!\right)}

$$ giving
$$
\small{\sum_{k=1}^N \! \left( \cos \frac{\pi}{2k}-\cos \frac{\pi}{2(k+2)} \right)=\!\!\left(\cos \frac{\pi}{2}-\cos \frac{\pi}{2(N+1)}\right)\!+\!\left(\cos \frac{\pi}{4}-\cos \frac{\pi}{2(N+2)}\right)}
$$ then by letting $N \to \infty$, one gets
$$
\sum_{k=1}^\infty \left( \cos \frac{\pi}{2k}-\cos \frac{\pi}{2(k+2)} \right)=(0-1)+\left(\cos \frac{\pi}{4}-1\right)
$$I think you can take it from here.


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