I know that the Series ∑∞n=1n⋅xn converges to x(x−1)2 but I'm not sure how to show it. I'm pretty sure that has been asked before, but I wasn't able to find anything...
Answer
Let Sn=n∑k=1kxk
Assuming |x|<1,
Sn−xSn=n∑k=1xk−nxn+1=x(1−xn)1−x−nxn+1⇒Sn=x(1−xn)(1−x)2−nxn+11−x
Now, if |x|<1, then lim supSo, by ratio test, the series \displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^n kx^k converges and hence \lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}nx^{n+1}=x\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}nx^{n}=0
So, S=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}nx^n=\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}S_n=\frac{x}{(1-x)^2}
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