Sunday, 17 February 2013

Complex analysis ~ Binomial theorem



Given the identity





(2nn)=12πiCr(1+z)2nzn+1dz,




with Cr the unit circle, prove that nN: (2nn)4n.



I've tried expanding the integral with the binomial theorem, but unfortunately, that doesn't seem to get me anywhere.



I'm really stuck, so all help would be dearly appreciated.




EDIT/ FOLLOW-UP: I was wondering, I think the identity as well as the result still holds when Cr is an arbitrary chosen circle. Can anyone confirm this and if so, explain to me why?


Answer



\def\abs#1{\left|#1\right|}Note, that for z \in C_r, we have
\abs{\frac{(1+z)^{2n}}{z^{n+1 }}} = \frac{\abs{1+z}^{2n}}{\abs z^{n+1}} = \abs{1+z}^{2n} \le 2^{2n} = 4^n
hence
\begin{align*} \binom{2n}n &= \abs{\frac 1{2\pi i} \int_{C_r} \frac{(1+z)^{2n}}{z^{n+1}}\, dz}\\ &\le \frac 1{2\pi} \int_{C_r} \abs{ \frac{(1+z)^{2n}}{z^{n+1}}}\, \abs{dz}\\ &\le \frac 1{2\pi} 4^{n} \cdot 2\pi\\ &= 4^n. \end{align*}


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