Here are the links to three earlier posts of mine on Prob. 9, Chap. 6, in Baby Rudin here on Math SE.
Prob. 9, Chap. 6, in Baby Rudin: Integration by parts for improper integrals
Prob. 9, Chap. 6, in Baby Rudin: Integration by parts for improper integrals with one infinite limit
Prob. 9, Chap. 6 in Baby Rudin: Integration by parts for an improper integral
Now my question is the following.
Which one of the integrals $\int_0^\infty \frac{ \cos x }{ 1+x } \ \mathrm{d} x$ and $\int_0^\infty \frac{\sin x}{ (1+x)^2 } \ \mathrm{d} x$ converges absolutely, and which one does not?
My Attempt:
For any $b > 0$, and for all $x \in [0, b]$, the following inequality holds:
$$ \left\lvert \frac{ \sin x }{ (1+x)^2 } \right\rvert \leq \frac{1}{(1+x)^2}, $$
which implies (by virtue of Theorem 6.12 (b) in Baby Rudin) that
$$ \int_0^b \left\lvert \frac{ \sin x }{ (1+x)^2 } \right\rvert \ \mathrm{d} x \leq \int_0^b \frac{1}{(1+x)^2} \ \mathrm{d} x = - \frac{1}{1+b} - \left( - \frac{1}{1+0} \right) = 1 - \frac{1}{1+b}; $$
moreover,
$$ \lim_{b \to \infty} \left( 1 - \frac{1}{1+b} \right) = 1. $$
So we can conclude that
$$ \int_0^\infty \left\lvert \frac{ \sin x }{ (1+x)^2 } \right\rvert \ \mathrm{d} x = \lim_{ b \to \infty} \int_0^b \left\lvert \frac{ \sin x }{ (1+x)^2 } \right\rvert \ \mathrm{d} x \leq 1. $$
That is, the improper integral $\int_0^\infty \left\lvert \frac{ \sin x }{ (1+x)^2 } \right\rvert \ \mathrm{d} x $ converges, which is the same as saying that the integral $\int_0^\infty \frac{ \sin x }{ (1+x)^2 } \ \mathrm{d} x $ converges absolutely.
Am I right?
If so, then, as suggested by Rudin, the other integral does not converge absolutely.
But how to show this directly?
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