Thursday, 15 February 2018

a question on prime numbers and infinite series



prove that the infinite sum - (1/2)p, where p runs over all the prime numbers,is irrational




one idea that may work is to use the given lemma





Lemma: α is an irrational number iff there exists two convergent integer sequences {a_n} and b_n such that (a_n-αb_n)≠0 for all n. but lim(a_n-αb_n)=0




The proof is just by contradiction by assuming α to be rational.I have tried to work out this lemma but failed .Plz try this.





Answer




Hint: look at the similar number \sum_{i = 1}^\infty \left(\frac{1}{10}\right)^{p_i} \approx 0.0110101000101000101 (be sure to notice that's "approximately," not "equals").



Clearly the 1s will occur in the prime positions. You should already know that there are infinitely many primes. You should also know that their distribution feels kind of random. With one exception, any two 1s are separated by an odd number of 0s. But other than that... kind of random.



If this number was rational, we could find integers m and n such that one divided by the other gives this number. Try truncating the number at the prime positions. That does give rational numbers, but... \frac{1}{100}, \frac{11}{1000}, \frac{1101}{100000}, \frac{110101}{10000000}, \ldots


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