Saturday, 31 March 2018

calculus - How many n-th Order Partial Derivatives Exist for a Function of k Variables?



Example:
Let's say for example I have a function, f, of 2 variables :




f(x,y)



For this function there exits 2 first-order partial derivatives namely:



fx=fx



fy=fy



Then if we are to differentiate further we will find that there are 4 computable second-order partial derivatives.




fxx=2fx2



fxy=2fxy



fyy=2fy2



fyx=2fyx



However due to the Equality of Mixed Partials (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetry_of_second_derivatives), two of those second-order partial derivatives are equivalent, fxy=fyx, and thus we are left with 3 second-order partial derivatives for a function of 2 variables.




fxx=2fx2



fxy=2fxyfyx=2fyx



fyy=2fy2



Question: Given a function of k variables:



f(x1,x2,x3,,xk1,xk)




Is there a formula to find the number of nth-order partial derivatives, (where n is the order of the partial derivative), for a function of k variables?



For example where n=1 (i.e. the first-order derivatives), there would be k partial derivatives, just as in the example above, for a function of 2 variables there exists 2 first-order derivatives.


Answer



This is the problem of distributing n balls over k bins, which can be solved using the stars and bars approach; the result is



(n+k1k1).


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