Friday, 20 July 2018

real analysis - Evaluate limnrightarrowinftyint10f(xn)dx



Let f be a real, continuous function defined for all 0x1 such that f(0)=1, f(1/2)=2, and f(1)=3. Show that



lim




exists and compute the limit.



Attempt:



Since f is real-valued continuous on 0\leq x\leq 1 and the boundaries f(0)=1 and f(1)=3, f is bounded on the interval and the integral \displaystyle\int_0^1 f(x^n)dx exists for any positive n. Thus, we can interchange the limit and the integral and compose the limit,
\begin{align*} \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} \int_0^1 f(x^n)dx&=\int_0^1\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}f(x^n)dx\\ &=\int_0^1 f\left(\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} x^n \right)dx\\ &=\int_0^1 f(0)dx=1. \end{align*}



Questions: So, my first question concerns whether interchanging the limit and the integral is correct. It seems it would be justified by the dominated convergence theorem, where f(x^n) is dominated by a function g(x)=\displaystyle\sup_{0\leq x\leq 1} f(x^n) and f_n(x^n), on 0\leq x\leq 1, converges pointwise to a function f that takes value 1 for x\neq 1 and 3 for x=1.



My next question is whether the interchange between the limit and composition of the function is allowed. Since the function is continuous and the limit exists at that point, it seems the interchange would be justified.


Answer



Let f_n(x) = f(x^n) note that the f_n are uniformly bounded (since f is countinuous on [0,1])
and f_n(x) \to 1 for all x <1.
Then \lim_n \int f_n = \int \lim_n f_n = 1.


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