Saturday, 15 October 2016

linear algebra - When are almost block companion matrices which yield a given characteristic polynomial connected?

This is motivated by this question Are matrices which yield a given characteristic polynomial and have specified structure connected?







Let EMn(R) be a subset with following form: we first construct a block diagonal matrix in Mn(R) such that
C=(Ck10000Ck200000000Ckr),

with k1+k2++kr=n
such that each block Ckj is in the companion form

(000c0100c101001ckj1).

Now for each block we extend the last column to fill up the whole matrix. For example, suppose we have two blocks C1 and C2 with C1R2×2 and C2R3×3, elments in E would look like
(0a100b11a200b20a300b30a410b40a501b5).



It is also clear for any monic nth degree real polynomial, we can at least find one realization in E since we can choose a matrix in block diagonal form. Let f:ERn be the map sending the coefficients of characteristic polynomial to Rn.




Let q(t)=tn+an1tn1++a0 be a fixed polynomial. I am wondering whether there are sufficient conditions on a=(an1,,a0) such that f1(a) is a connected set?



This question Are matrices which yield a given characteristic polynomial and have specified structure connected? asked a specific case, i.e, n=4,k1=k2=2. There is a very nice answer proving: as long as the polynomial has a real root, then it is connected. The technique by the answer does not seem to generalize. But I am very interested to know whether the same condition holds here: if q(t) has a real root, then f1(a) is connected where a=(an1,,a0) is the coefficient vector of q(t)?






EDIT: This question might be too tricky to answer (This is the third time I put a bounty). But I would be happy to reward the bounty if someone gives an answer on a very special polynomial with coefficients vector of a such that f1(a) is connected. For example, is f1((0,,0)) connected, i.e., the polynomial with all roots to be 0 or some other special polynomials?

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