Monday, 6 November 2017

Sum of a complex, finite geometric series and its identity




I have the formula for summing a finite geometric series as 1+z+z2+zn=1zn+11z, where zC and n=0,1,.... I am asked to infer the identity 1+cosθ+cos2θ++cosnθ=12+sin(n+1/2)θ2sinθ/2. Now, I understand that on the left hand side I'm going to get 1+cosθ++cosnθ+i[sinθ+sin2θ++sinnθ]
using z=eiθ for any complex z. However, when I make that substitution on the right hand side, a monstrous expression occurs and I cannot simplify it down to the desired result. For instance, I get 1ei(n+1)θ1eiθ and using identities I get 1cos[(n+1)θ]+i(sin[(n+1)θ])1cosnθisinnθ. From here I did a whole lot of manipulating, but never getting any closer to the identity asked.



If anyone could shed some light it would be greatly appreciated!
~Dom


Answer



Hint: factor out ei(n+1)θ/2 from the numerator and eiθ/2 from the denominator, then take the real part of the complex expression.


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