I have the formula for summing a finite geometric series as 1+z+z2⋯+zn=1−zn+11−z, where z∈C and n=0,1,.... I am asked to infer the identity 1+cosθ+cos2θ+⋯+cosnθ=12+sin(n+1/2)θ2sinθ/2. Now, I understand that on the left hand side I'm going to get 1+cosθ+⋯+cosnθ+i[sinθ+sin2θ+⋯+sinnθ]
using z=eiθ for any complex z. However, when I make that substitution on the right hand side, a monstrous expression occurs and I cannot simplify it down to the desired result. For instance, I get 1−ei(n+1)θ1−eiθ and using identities I get 1−cos[(n+1)θ]+i(sin[(n+1)θ])1−cosnθ−isinnθ. From here I did a whole lot of manipulating, but never getting any closer to the identity asked.
If anyone could shed some light it would be greatly appreciated!
~Dom
Answer
Hint: factor out ei(n+1)θ/2 from the numerator and eiθ/2 from the denominator, then take the real part of the complex expression.
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