Wednesday, 30 July 2014

combinatorics - Proof related to maximum degree of node in a graph




So I'm given this problem - Prove that in every graph with 25 vertices, in which holds that in every 3-subset of vertices, at least two of them are connected, there exists a node of degree at least 12. I tried proving this by contradiction, by counting what is the least number of edges this graph has to have, given upper conditions. I didn't think much, and I said - well, at least, it has to have as many edges as it has 3 subsets of 25 nodes. However, I don't think this is true anymore, at least I can't figure out how to prove this, as some edges may repeat through these subsets. Then, I could show that if a three subset has only one edge, no other 3 subset will have this edge as its only edge. Is this sufficient to prove what I thought before? I'm pretty confused right now, so any help would be appreciated.


Answer



Hint: Fix two vertices and consider the triples that include them.




Call the vertices v1 and v2.

Let u be a different vertex. We have at least one of the edges uv1, uv2 and v1v2. So each of the 23 vertices not equal to v1 or v2 contributes at least 1 to deg(v1)+deg(v2), giving us deg(v1)+deg(v2)23.





Hint for an alternative approach: Pick some vertex v of degree <12 and consider the subgraph given by the vertices not adjacent to v.


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