Saturday, 8 November 2014

summation - Infinite sum of alternating telescoping series




I am struggling to find the sum of the following series:



$$\sum_{n=1} ^{\infty} \frac{(-1)^n}{(n+1)(n+3)(n+5)}.$$



It seems as though it should be a straightforward telescoping series. I attempted to solve it in the usual way (via partial fractions), but the alternating sign makes the sum so that one cannot cancel out fractions to result in a finite sum of fractions. I know that the series converges by the alternating sign test, and I check on WolframAlpha that the infinite sum converges to $-7/480$. Any thoughts on how to proceed?


Answer



We have (through the residue theorem or by linear algebra) :
$$ \frac{1}{(n+1)(n+3)(n+5)}=\frac{1}{8}\left(\frac{1}{n+1}-\frac{2}{n+3}+\frac{1}{n+5}\right) $$
as well as (by shifting the summation index):

$$ \sum_{n\geq 1}\frac{(-1)^n}{n+1}=-1+\log 2, $$
$$ \sum_{n\geq 1}\frac{(-1)^n}{n+3}=-\frac{5}{6}+\log 2, $$
$$ \sum_{n\geq 1}\frac{(-1)^n}{n+5}=-\frac{47}{60}+\log 2. $$
Just combine them. $\log 2$ cancels out since $1-2+1=0$ (we have a meromorphic function that is $O\left(\frac{1}{|z|^2}\right)$ as $|z|\to +\infty$, hence the sum of its residues is necessary zero).


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