Monday 19 January 2015

algebra precalculus - Calculate $sqrt{frac{1}{2}} times sqrt{frac{1}{2} + frac{1}{2}sqrt{frac{1}{2}}} times ldots $

$$
\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \times \sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}} \times \sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}+ \frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}} \times\ldots$$




I already know a way to calculate it:



With $\cos{\frac{\pi}{4}} = \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}$ and denote $\frac{\pi}{4} = x$. Observe that:



$$\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}} = \sqrt{\frac{1+\cos{x}}{2}} = \cos{\frac{x}{2}} \\
\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}+ \frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}} = \cos\frac{x}{4}$$



Thus it becomes



\begin{align}

P(n) &= \cos{\frac{x}{2^n}}\cos{\frac{x}{2^{n-1}}} \cdots \cos{x} \\
&= \frac{2\sin{\frac{x}{2^{n-1}}}\cos{\frac{x}{2^{n-1}}}\cos{\frac{x}{2^{n-2}}} \cdots\cos{\frac{x}{2}}}{2\sin{\frac{x}{2^{n-1}}}}
\end{align}



Taking in to account that $2\sin{x}\cos{x} = \sin{2x}$, we have



\begin{align}
P(n) &= \lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{\sin{2x}}{2^n\sin{\frac{x}{2^{n-1}}}} \\
&= \lim_{n\rightarrow \infty} \frac{\sin{2x}}{2x} \\
&= \frac{2\sin\frac{\pi}{2}}{\pi} \\

&= \boxed{\frac{2}{\pi}}
\end{align}



Now, I'm looking for another solution, please comment on.

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