Thursday 29 January 2015

elementary number theory - Prove that an integer of the form $8n +7$ cannot be expressed as a sum of three integer squares




Consider an integer of the form $8n +7$. Show that it cannot be expressed as a sum of three integer squares.




Hints are welcome. If you wish to post an answer, please post a hint as your answer, especially some fundamental concepts in elementary number theory / abstract algebra that might be relevant.




My work, so far:



As noted by carmichael561 (please see his hints below), the problem makes sense only for $n \in \mathbb{N}$.



Suppose, for contradiction, that



$$8n+7 = a^2 + b^2 + c^2$$



for $a,b,c \in \mathbb{Z}$.




We can rewrite the equation as $$8n = a^2 + b^2 + c^2 -7$$



Now since $8$ divides the LHS, it also divides the RHS. In particular,



the LHS is a number that is congruent to $0$ mod($8)$ but the LHS is congruent to $7$ mod($8$), which is a contradiction.


Answer



Hint: what are the squares mod $8$?


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