Saturday, 24 January 2015

Mathematical Induction (summation): sumnk=1k2k=(n1)(2n+1)+2




I am stuck on this question from the IB Cambridge HL math text book about Mathematical induction. I am sorry about the bad formatting I am new and have no idea how to write the summation sign.



Using mathematical induction prove that the
nk=1k2k=(n1)(2n+1)+2



[correction made]



I tried solving it and got stuck on the let n=k+1 part
So first I made n=1 and both sides equaled to 2
then assume n=k and got an expression which I don't know how to write here because of the formatting

then n=K+1



Thanks again


Answer



We need to prove that
nk=1k2k=(n1)(2n+1)+2
Consider P1 where k=1. Left Hand Side (LHS) and Right Hand Side (RHS) are evaluated as follows.
1k=1k2k=1×2=2(11)(22)+2=2




Now, we assume that Pm holds for some natural number m. (The trick here is that you will need to use this result later.)
mk=1k2k=(m1)(2m+1)+2



It must be shown that Pm+1 holds too. Let us prove it. The RHS, which is relatively easier is
[(m+1)1](2m+2)+2=m(2m+2)+2
What we need to do is to show that the LHS has this form:



m+1k=1k2k=mk=1k2k+(m+1)2m+1=(m1)(2m+1)+2+(m+1)2m+1=(m1)(2m+1)+(m+1)2m+1+2=(2m)(2m+1)+2=m(2m+2)+2
Since P1 true, Pm true Pm+1 true, by Mathematical Induction, Pk true for k=1,2,



Proven


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