Sunday, 25 January 2015

integration - intiinftynftyfraceax1+exdx with residue calculus



I'm trying to compute eax1+exdx, $(0Let f denote the integrand.




I'm using the rectangular contour given by the following curves:
c1:z(t)=R+it,t[0,2π]
c2:z(t)=t+2πi,t[R,R]
c3:z(t)=R+i(2πt),t[0,2π]
c4:z(t)=t,t[R,R]



There is one singularity within the contour, at z=πi.
Expanding out the denominator as a power series shows that it's a simple pole, and allows us to evaluate the residue as
limzπif(z)(zπi)=eaπi



This is computed by expanding 1+ez as a Taylor series around πi. The first coefficient will be 0, and the second will be 1. The rest will have orders of (zπi) greater than 1, and will thus vanish when we take the limit.



So the integral over the entire contour is 2πieaπi



An easy enough estimate on the c1 shows that the integral vanishes as R.
With a variable change, c_3 is the same as c_1 and also vanishes.
c4 becomes the integral we want when we take a limit.

c2 becomes c4 with a constant:



c2f(z)dz=RReatea2πi1+ete2πidt=ea2πiRReat1+etdt=ea2πiRReau1+eudu   (u=t,du=dt)=ea2πiRReau1+eudu=ea2πiI(R)



Where I(R) is the line integral over c4.
Putting it all together and taking the limit gives us
limRI(R)=2πieaπi(1+ea2πi)




But this can't be the value of the integral, because it's a real-valued function integrated over R. I can't figure out where I'm going wrong. Note that I've avoided posting all the details of my solution since this is from a current problem set for a class on complex analysis.


Answer



I think you may just have a simple sign error. Using the same contour you describe, I get that



RRdxeax1+ex+i2π0dyea(R+iy)1+eR+iyeia2πRRdxeax1+exi2π0dyea(R+iy)1+eR+iy=i2πeiaπ



As R, the second integral (because a<1) and the fourth integral (because a>0) vanish. Thus we have



dxeax1+ex=i2πeiaπ1ei2aπ=πsinπa



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