Friday, 16 January 2015

elementary number theory - infinitely many primes p which are not congruent to 1 modulo 19.



While trying to solve answer a question, I discovered one that I felt to be remarkably similar. The question I found is 'Argue that there are infinitely many primes p that ar enot congruent to 1 modulo 5. I believe this has been proven. (brief summary of this proof follows).




Following the Euclid Proof that there are an infinite number of primes.
First, Assume that there are a finite number of primes not congruent to 1(mod5).
I then multiply them all except 2 together to get N0(mod5).
Considering the factors of N+2, which is odd and 2(mod5).
It cannot be divisible by any prime on the list, as it has remainder 2 when divided by them.
If it is prime, we have exhibited a prime 1(mod5) that is not on the list.
If it is not prime, it must have a factor that is 1(mod5).
This is because the product of primes 1(mod5) is still 1(mod5).



I can't take credit for much of any of the above proof, because nearly all of it came from \href {http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/231534/infinitely-many-primes-p-that-are-not-congruent-to-1-mod-5}Ross Millikan. Either way I'm trying to use this proof to answer the following question. I'm having a very difficult time doing so.






My question:



I wish to prove that there are infinitely many primes p which are not congruent to 1 modulo 19.



Answer



Let p1,p2,,pn be any collection of odd primes, and let n=19p1p2pn+2. A prime divisor of n cannot be one of the pi. And n has at least one prime divisor which is not congruent to 1 modulo 19, else we would have n±1(mod19).



Remark: Not congruent is generally far easier to deal with than congruent.


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