Monday 18 May 2015

abstract algebra - Center of finite group with 3 conjugacy classes has order 1



My professor was presenting the problem that a group $G$ that has 3 conjugacy classes has either order 3 or 6. In his proof he said it was "clear" that by the class equation $$\begin{eqnarray}
|G|&=&|Z(g)|+\sum |G:C_G(g_i)|\\
&=&1+|G:C_G(g_1)|+|G:C_G(g_2)|
\end{eqnarray}$$

where the last two terms are given by the other two conjugacy classes that are not contained in the center. Then he proceeds from there to show that $|G:C_G(g_1)| \left(1+|G:C_G(g_2)|\right) $ and $|G:C_G(g_2)| \left(1+|G:C_G(g_1)|\right) $ and asked us to finish the rest of the proof. I'm not quite clear on the second equality above or how to proceed from here. Any help would be great. Thanks!



Edit: Here is the full statement. Let $G$ be a group of order $n$ finite. Suppose that $G$ has 3 congruency classes. Then the order of $G$ is either $3$ or $6$ and hence isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}/3\mathbb{Z}$ or $S_3$.


Answer



Let $g=|G|$ and assume that we have
$$g=1+a+b$$ in the obvious notation, with $a|g$ and $b|g$.
Then $a|b+1$ and so $a\leq b+1$. Also $b|a+1$ so $b\leq a+1$ or $b-1\leq a$ thus
$$b-1\leq a \leq b+1$$



So there are two possiblities (taking the symmetry of $a$ and $b$ into account) , $a=b$ and $a=b+1$




If $a=b$ then $1+2a=g$ so $a|1$ and $a=1$ and $g=3$.



If $a=b+1$ then $2+2b=g$ and $b|2$.



Now $b=1$ gives $a=2$ and $g=4$ but all groups of order $4$ are Abelian and have four classes.



So $b=2$ and $g=6$.


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