Saturday, 9 January 2016

Induction and convergence of an inequality: frac1cdot3cdot5cdots(2n1)2cdot4cdot6cdots(2n)leqfrac1sqrt2n+1



Problem statement:
Prove that 135...(2n1)246...(2n)12n+1 and that there exists a limit when n.
, nN



My progress




LHS is equivalent to (2n1)!(2n)!=(2n1)(2n2)(2n3)....(2n)(2n1)(2n2)....=12n So we can rewrite our inequality as:



12n12n+1 Let's use induction:



For n=1 it is obviously true. Assume n=k is correct and show that n=k+1 holds.



12k+212k+32k+22k+34(k+34)254 after squaring and completing the square. And this does not hold for all n



About convergence: Is it not enough to check that limn12n= and conclude that it does not converge?



Answer



First, note that 246(2n)=2n(n!). Next, note that if we multiplied 135(2n1) by 246(2n), that would exactly fill the gaps and produce (2n)!. Hence, the denominator of the LHS is 2nn!, while the numerator of the LHS is (2n)!2nn! Combining, the LHS equals \frac{1}{2^{2n}}\frac{(2n)!}{n!n!}=2^{-2n}{2n\choose n}



This is a central binomial coefficient, which are well-studied. For example, one bound given is that {2n \choose n}\le \frac{4^n}{\sqrt{3n+1}}; applying it in this case gives LHS=4^{-n}{2n\choose n}\le \frac{1}{\sqrt{3n+1}}\le \frac{1}{\sqrt{2n+1}}


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