Sunday 9 September 2018

limits - Prove $lim_{xtoinfty}frac{x^{x^2}}{2^{2^x}}$



How do you prove this formula

$$\lim_{x \to\infty}\frac{x^{x^2}}{2^{2^x}}$$



Since both top and bottom approaches infinity, I assume it is L'Hospital's rule to solve it, but after the first step I'm stuck
$$\lim_{x \to\infty}\frac{x^2 logx}{2^xlog2}$$
So how can I solve this problem, it seems the answer is infinity but I don't know how to approach that.


Answer



You can rewrite the limit as
\begin{aligned}
L&=\lim_{x \to\infty}\frac{x^{x^2}}{2^{2^x}}\\
&=\lim_{x \to\infty}\frac{\exp\left(x^2\cdot\log x\right)}{\exp\left(2^x\cdot\log 2\right)}\\

&=\lim_{x \to\infty}\exp\left(x^2\cdot\log x-2^x\cdot\log 2\right)
\end{aligned}



Since $\exp(.)$ is a continuous function, we can change the order to
$$L=\exp\left(\lim_{x\to\infty}\left(x^2\cdot\log x-2^x\cdot\log 2\right)\right)$$



and name the inner limit to $L'$
$$L'=\lim_{x\to\infty}\left(x^2\cdot\log x-2^x\cdot\log 2\right)$$



Note that $\log x


Obviously, the limit of the RHS expression as $x$ goes to $\infty$ is $-\infty$; because the growth of $x^3$ is not comparable with the exponential growth of $2^x$. Hence, $L'=-\infty$, which means $L=0$.


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