These are the properties that such functions should (could?) have:
1) $f(\mathbb R)=\mathbb R$
2) $f$ is everywhere discontinuous
3) $\mathbb Q \subseteq f( \mathbb I)$
4) $f(\mathbb Q) \subset \mathbb I$
That is, such functions should (could?) have all these properties simultaneously: They map the whole $\mathbb R$ onto the whole $\mathbb R$, they are everywhere discontinuous, they map the set of all irrational numbers $\mathbb I$ into some set that contains all rationals, and they map the set of all rationals into some subset of the set of all irrationals.
Remark: This is not a homework, I am just eager into doing research of everywhere discontinuous functions.
Answer
Let $g : \mathbb{I} \to \mathbb{R}$ be onto (such a function exists because $\mathbb{I}$ and $\mathbb{R}$ have the same cardinality), and partition $\mathbb{Q}$ into two disjoint dense sets $Q_1, Q_2$. Then let
$$f(x) = \begin{cases} g(x), & x \in \mathbb{I} \\
-\sqrt{2}, & x \in Q_1 \\
\sqrt{2}, & x \in Q_2.\end{cases}$$
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