Saturday, 12 July 2014

proof verification - Verify integration of intfracsqrt2xx2x2dx



This is exercise 6.25.40 from Tom Apostol's Calculus I. I would like to ask someone to verify my solution, the result I got differs from the one provided in the book.



Evaluate the following integral: 2xx2x2dx



x[2,0)(0,1]




As suggested in the book, we multiply both numerator and denumerator by 2xx2. This removes the endpoints from the integrand's domain, but the definite integral we calculate with the antiderivative of this new function will be still the proper integral between any two points of the original domain: we only remove a finite number of points from the original domain and the domain of the resulting antiderivative will be the same as the original domain.



I=I1+I2=2xx22xx2dx12xx2dx



Evaluating first I1 by substituting t=1x,dx=1t2dt:



I1=122t1t|t|(t14)2(34)2dt



Substituting again 34secu=t14,dt=34secutanudu,t=3secu+14,u=arcsec4t13, by considering the sign of t and tanu in the integrand's two sub-domains:




a) x(2,0):t<12,4t13<1,u(π2,π),tanu<0
b) x(0,1):t>1,4t13>1,u(0,π2),tanu>0



I1=1223sec2usecu=122(3tanulog|tanu+secu|)+C1



secu=secarcsec4t13=4t13=4x3x



tan2u=tan2arcsec4t13=(4t13)21=892xx2x2



Considering again cases a) and b):

tanu=2232xx2x



I1=2xx2x+122log|223(2xx2+2x122)|+C1=



2xx2x+122log|2xx2+2x122|+C1



Evaluating now I2:
I2=1(32)2(x+12)2dx



Substituting 32sinz=x+12,dx=32coszdz,z=arcsin2x+13:




I2=dz=arcsin2x+13+C2



The final result:
I=I1+I2=2xx2x+122log|2xx2+2x122|arcsin2x+13+C



The solution provided in the book:



I=2xx2x+122log(2xx2x122)arcsin2x+13+C


Answer




The solution in the book is most certainly a typo, your proof seems fine to me. As a confirmation, Mathematica evaluates the integral to be: I=2xx2x+122[log|4x+222xx2|log|x|]arcsin(2x+13)+C1,

which is the same as your proposed solution since log|4x+222xx2|log|x|=log|222xx2+4x22x|+C2=log|2xx2+2x122|+C2,
so they only differ by a constant.


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