I am struggling with the following issue:
Find all functions f:N+→N+, such that for all positive integers m and n, there is divisibility
m2+f(n)∣mf(m)+n
N+ stands for the set of positive integers
I've tried various substitutions but I dont know how to solve functional equations of this form therefore I couldn't manage to find any f. I think this is a interesting problem so I'd like to know the answer.
Answer
Thanks @lulu for showing that f(1)=1. Now I can finish the problem by proving that the identity is the only possibility for f.
Suppose that there exists m such that $f(m)
$$m^2+1=m^2+f(1)\le mf(m)+1
1+n<1+f(n)≤f(1)+n=1+n ,
another contradiction. Thus f(n)=n for all n.
Addendum. Proof that f(1)=1. This proof was provided in a comment by Lulu, I'm copying it verbatim here in case the comment disappears in the future.
Setting n=1 we see that m2+f(1) divides mf(m)+1 for all m. But if there were a prime p∣f(1) then taking m=p gives a contradiction, hence there is no such p which implies that f(1)=1.
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