Wednesday, 15 June 2016

elementary set theory - Order Type of $mathbb Z_+ times {1,2}$ and ${1,2} times mathbb Z_+$



I'm currently working on §10 of "Topology" by James R. Munkres. I've got a problem with task 3:





Both $\{1,2\} \times \mathbb Z_+$ and $\mathbb Z_+ \times \{1,2\}$ are well-ordered
in the dictionary order. Do they have the same order type?




$A := \{1,2\} \times \mathbb Z_+$



$B := \mathbb Z_+ \times \{1,2\}$



They have the same order type if there is an order preserving bijection between them.

Since both have the same cardinality, I could construct a function



$f: A \to B$



$f(\min A) = \min B$



$f(\,\min\,(A-\{\min A\})\,) = \min\,(B - \{\min B\})$



and so forth.




This function preserves the order. Now my study partner disagrees with this, because f reaches every element of B whose second component is 1, but not the others. So the function would not be surjective. But f being injective would surely imply different cardinalities for A and B.



Can you tell us the correct solution?


Answer



Because every element with first coordinate $1$ always lies before any element with first coordinate $2$, the set $A$ looks like two copies of $\mathbb{Z}^+$, one after the other:



$$(1,0),(1,1),(1,2),\ldots,(2,0),(2,1)(2,2),\ldots$$



While we can order $B$ as




$$(0,1),(0,2),(1,1),(1,2),(2,1),(2,2),\ldots$$



which looks just like $\mathbb{Z}^+$ (we just doubles all the points).



So intuitively we expect the order types to be different.



If $f: A \rightarrow B$ is an order preserving bijection, then suppose $f(2,0) = (n,i)$, for some $n \in \mathbb{Z}^+, i \in \{1,2\}$. But $(2,0)$ has infinitely many predecessors, but no element in $B$ has. Contradiction, as $f$ should be a bijection between them.


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