Wednesday, 15 June 2016

elementary set theory - Order Type of mathbbZ+times1,2 and 1,2timesmathbbZ+



I'm currently working on §10 of "Topology" by James R. Munkres. I've got a problem with task 3:





Both {1,2}×Z+ and Z+×{1,2} are well-ordered
in the dictionary order. Do they have the same order type?




A:={1,2}×Z+



B:=Z+×{1,2}



They have the same order type if there is an order preserving bijection between them.

Since both have the same cardinality, I could construct a function



f:AB



f(minA)=minB



f(min(A{minA}))=min(B{minB})



and so forth.




This function preserves the order. Now my study partner disagrees with this, because f reaches every element of B whose second component is 1, but not the others. So the function would not be surjective. But f being injective would surely imply different cardinalities for A and B.



Can you tell us the correct solution?


Answer



Because every element with first coordinate 1 always lies before any element with first coordinate 2, the set A looks like two copies of Z+, one after the other:



(1,0),(1,1),(1,2),,(2,0),(2,1)(2,2),



While we can order B as




(0,1),(0,2),(1,1),(1,2),(2,1),(2,2),



which looks just like Z+ (we just doubles all the points).



So intuitively we expect the order types to be different.



If f:AB is an order preserving bijection, then suppose f(2,0)=(n,i), for some nZ+,i{1,2}. But (2,0) has infinitely many predecessors, but no element in B has. Contradiction, as f should be a bijection between them.


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