Friday, 10 June 2016

sequences and series - limntoinftyfracxn+1xn if xntoa

There is sequence xna, what will be limnxn+1xn




  1. a0,limnxn+1xn=limnxn+1limnxn=aa=1;

  2. a=0, suppose limnxn+1xn=L:ϵ>0,N=N(ϵ)n>N:|Lxn+1xn|<ϵ, there are several cases:




    a. |L|<1, then necessity for limit existance N:n>N:|xn|>|xn+1| (sequence |xn| decreases monotonically starting from some N):
    ϵ=1|L|2>01|L|2=ϵ>|xn+1xnL|>|xn+1xn||L|1>1+|L|2>|xn+1xn||xn|>|xn+1|



    b. |L|>1, then sequence |xn| increases monotonically starting from some N, then xn diverges, and it contradict with xna, as result L (actually |x_{n+1}| > |x_n| is necessity for |L| > 1 that can be used if there is no condition x_n \to a):
    \epsilon = \frac{|L| - 1}{2} > 0\\ \frac{|L| - 1}{2} = \epsilon > |L - \frac{x_{n+1}}{x_n}| > |L| - |\frac{x_{n+1}}{x_n}|\\ |\frac{x_{n+1}}{x_n}| > \frac{|L| + 1}{2} > 1\\ |x_{n+1}| > |x_n|



    c. |L| = 1, I was not able to do any conclusions about x_n. But maybe I don't need to cover this case, due to p.1 - but I don't know how to reason about it.




Question: Can you check reasoning of 2a and 2b, and drop some hints about 2c?

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