Wednesday, 19 April 2017

elementary number theory - Find n between 100 and 1000 so that 2n+2 is divisible by n



Find n such that n divides 2n+2. Also, n should be between 100 and 1000.



It can be easily seen that n is not a multiple of 4. By brute force I have figured out that answer is 946, but I don't know how to proceed further.



Answer



See OEIS sequence A006517 and references there.



EDIT: n must be even, but not divisible by 4, and it's not hard to show
that n=2pj for prime p doesn't work, so n is divisible by at least two odd primes.
Let's say we guess that n=2pq for odd primes p<q. Since n/2<500<232, we must have p<23. Thus we need 22pq1+1 to be divisible by p and by q. By Fermat's Little Theorem, 2^{2pq} \equiv 2^{2q} \mod p, so
p | 2^{2q-1}+1 and q | 2^{2p-1} + 1. Try each possible p in turn.



For p = 3, 2^{2p-1} + 1 = 33 so q = 11: too small (2pq = 66 < 100).




For p = 5, 2^{2p-1} + 1 = 513 = 3^3 \times 19 so q = 19,
but 2^{2q-1} \equiv (-1)^q \times 2^{-1} \equiv 2 \mod 5, no good.



For p = 7, 2^{2p-1} + 1 = 8193 = 3 \times 2731 so q = 2731, too big.



For p = 11, 2^{2p-1} + 1 = 2097153 = 3^2 \times 43 \times 5419, so q = 43.
And 2^{2q-1} + 1 = 2^{85} + 1 \equiv 2^5 +1 \equiv 0 \mod 11, so this one works: n = 2 \times 11 \times 43 = 946.


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