Wednesday, 19 April 2017

elementary number theory - Find $n$ between $100$ and $1000$ so that $2^n+2$ is divisible by $n$



Find $n$ such that $n$ divides $2^n + 2$. Also, $n$ should be between $100$ and $1000$.



It can be easily seen that $n$ is not a multiple of $4$. By brute force I have figured out that answer is $946$, but I don't know how to proceed further.



Answer



See OEIS sequence A006517 and references there.



EDIT: $n$ must be even, but not divisible by $4$, and it's not hard to show
that $n=2p^j$ for prime $p$ doesn't work, so $n$ is divisible by at least two odd primes.
Let's say we guess that $n = 2 p q$ for odd primes $p < q$. Since $n/2 < 500 < 23^2$, we must have $p < 23$. Thus we need $ 2^{2pq-1} + 1$ to be divisible by $p$ and by $q$. By Fermat's Little Theorem, $2^{2pq} \equiv 2^{2q} \mod p$, so
$p | 2^{2q-1}+1$ and $q | 2^{2p-1} + 1$. Try each possible $p$ in turn.



For $p = 3$, $2^{2p-1} + 1 = 33$ so $q = 11$: too small ($2pq = 66 < 100$).




For $p = 5$, $2^{2p-1} + 1 = 513 = 3^3 \times 19$ so $q = 19$,
but $2^{2q-1} \equiv (-1)^q \times 2^{-1} \equiv 2 \mod 5$, no good.



For $p = 7$, $2^{2p-1} + 1 = 8193 = 3 \times 2731$ so $q = 2731$, too big.



For $p = 11$, $2^{2p-1} + 1 = 2097153 = 3^2 \times 43 \times 5419$, so $q = 43$.
And $2^{2q-1} + 1 = 2^{85} + 1 \equiv 2^5 +1 \equiv 0 \mod 11$, so this one works: $n = 2 \times 11 \times 43 = 946$.


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