I'm trying to solve the following ODE and am stuck at the end. The question is:
y″
I first solve the homogeneous part. Writing the characteristic equation:
\begin{align*} r^2 + 4 = 0 \implies r=\pm2i \end{align*}
So the complementary solution is
Y_c=c_1\cos(2x)+c_2\sin(2x)
Next, I guess a particular solution of the form:
Y_p(x)=2A\sin(2x)+2B\cos(2x)+Cx^2+Dx+E.
Computing its first and second derivatives yields:
\begin{align*} Y'_p(x) & =4A\cos(2x)-4B\sin(2x)+2Cx+D \\ Y''_p(x) & =-8A\sin(2x)-8B\cos(2x)+2C. \end{align*}
Substituting these into the ODE gives:
-8A\sin(2x)-8B\cos(2x)+2C+2A\sin(2x)+2B\cos(2x)+Cx^2+Dx+E
= 2C+Cx^2+Dx+E =2\sin(2x)+x^2+1
I know C=1 and E=1 but then I'm unsure. Any help would be really appreciated
Answer
Y_p(x)= \color{red}{2A\sin(2x)+2B\cos(2x)}+Cx^2+Dx+E
The red part in your Y_p above can't work because that's already a part of the solution to the homogeneous part Y_c (so that will simplify to 0...!):
Y_c=c_1\cos(2x)+c_2\sin(2x)
The trick is to multiply by x, so take:
Y_p(x)= \color{blue}{A\,x\sin(2x)+B\,x\cos(2x)}+Cx^2+Dx+E
Note that you can omit the factors 2 since you still have the undetermined coefficients A and B.
Hoover over to see what you should get:
\displaystyle Y_p(x)= -\frac{1}{2}\,x\cos(2x)+\frac{x^2}{4}+\frac{1}{8}
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