(I've read the related questions here but found no satisfying answer, as I would prefer a rigorous proof for this because this is a homework problem)
Prove: If Xα follows the Poisson distribution π(α), then
limα→∞P{Xα−α√α≤u}=Φ(u)
where Φ(u) is the cdf of normal distribution N(0,1)
Hint: use the Laplace transform E(e−λ(Xα−α)/√α), show that as α→∞ it converges to eλ2/2
I did the transform but failed to sum the series(which is essentially doing nothing)
Here's what I got:
g(λ)=∞∑n=0e−αn!αne−λ(n−α)√α
and limα→∞g(λ)=e−λ2 is what I'm trying to arrive at. I tried L'Hospital only to find that the result is identical to the original ratio.
Answer
Let Xα Poisson π(α), for α=1,2,…
The probability mass function of Xα is
fXα(x)=αxe−xx!α=1,2,…
The moment generating function of Xα is
MXα=E(etXα)=eα(et−1)t∈(−1,1)
Now consider a “standardized” Poisson random variable Zα=Xα−α√α
which has limiting moment generating function
limα→∞MZα=limα→∞E(exp(tZα))=limα→∞E(exp(tXα−α√α))=limα→∞exp(−t√α)E(exp(tXα√α))=limα→∞exp(−t√α)exp(α(et/√α−1))=limα→∞exp(−t√α+α[tα−1/2+t2α−12+t3α−3/26+⋯])=limα→∞exp(t22+t3α−3/26+⋯)=exp(t22)
by using the moment generating function of a Poisson random variable and expanding the
exponential function as a Taylor series. This can be recognized as the moment generating function of a standard normal random variable. This implies that the associated unstandardized random variable Xα has a limiting distribution that is normal with mean α and variance α.
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