Wednesday, 31 July 2013

algebraic geometry - Equivalent condition for being a Jacobson ring



(Atiyah-Macdonald, Ex. 5.25)




Let A be a ring. Show that the following are equivalent:
i) A is a Jacobson ring;
ii) Every finitely generated A-algebra B which is a field is finite over A.




I'm trying to solve i)ii). Almost done, but I need some help. My trial:




Let f:AB, B a finitely generated A-algebra which is a field. Since f(A) is Jacobson and A-algebra/module actually means that f(A)-algebra/module, we can assume that AB. Pick sA as in Ex. 5.21 (see below). Because A is Jacobson, J(A)=0 so we can find a maximal ideal m not containing s. Let k:=A/m and f:A, then f(s) \neq 0, so f extends to g:B\to \bar{k}. Because B is a field, g is either injective or trivial. But g(s)=f(s) \neq 0 so g is injective and B \simeq g(B). Suppose B=A[z_1,\cdots,z_m], then g(B) = g(A)[g(z_1),\cdots,g(z_m)] = k[g(z_1),\cdots,g(z_m)]. Each g(z_i) is in \bar{k} hence integral over k, so g(B) is finitely generated k-module.



Now the question:
1. How can I deduce that B is a finitely generated A-module?
2. g(A)=f(A)=k but g is injective. How can it be possible? I think that A strictly(?) contains k.



(Ex. 5.21) Let A be a subring of an integral domain B such that B is finitely generated over A. Show that there exists s \neq 0 in A such that, if \Omega is an algebraically closed field and f:A\to \Omega is a homomorphism for which f(s) \neq 0, then f can be extended to a homomorphism B\to \Omega.


Answer



Since A is assumed to be a subring of B, we have A\hookrightarrow B \hookrightarrow \bar{k}, so the composition is injective. But the composition is nothing but A\twoheadrightarrow k. It follows that A=k and the maximal ideal m is 0. Now B=k(z_1, \ldots, z_m) with all z_i algebraic over k, hence a finite extension of k=A.


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