Friday, 21 March 2014

calculus - Integral intpi/40fracdxsin2x,(tanax+cotax)=fracpi8a



I am trying to prove this interesting integralI:=π/40dxsin2x(tanax+cotax)=π8a,Re(a)0.
This result is breath taking but I am more stumped than usual. It truly is magnificent. I am not sure how to approach this,
note sin2x=2sinxcosx. I am not sure how to approach this because of the term
(tanax+cotax)
in the denominator. I was trying to use the identity
tan(π2x)=cotx
since this method solves a similar kind of integral but didn't get anywhere. A bad idea I tried was to try and differentiate with respect to a
dI(a)da=π/40a(dxsin2x(tanax+cotax))=π/40(cotaxlog(cotx)+log(tanx)tanax)sin2x(cotax+tanax)2dx

which seems more complicated when I break it up into two integrals. How can we solve the integral? Thanks.


Answer



Rewrite:
π40dxsin2x(tanax+cotax)=π40dx2sinxcosx(tanax+1tanax)=12π40tanax dxtanxcos2x(1+tan2ax)=12π40tana1x d(tanx)1+tan2ax.
Now, let tanax=tanθatana1x d(tanx)=sec2θ dθ. Then
12π4x=0tana1x d(tanx)1+tan2ax=12|a|π4θ=0sec2θ dθ1+tan2θ=12|a|π4θ=0 dθ=π8|a|.


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