Let
G2(τ)=∑c∈Z∑d∈Z1(cτ+d)2
be the weight 2 Eisenstein series for τ∈H. I'm trying to do an exercise from Diamond and Shurman aimed at establishing the transformation law
(cτ+d)−2G2(aτ+bcτ+d)=G2(τ)−2πiccτ+d for (abcd)∈SL2(Z).
The exercise is to show that if the above holds for γ1,γ2∈SL2(Z), then it holds for the product γ1γ2. Define j(γ)=cτ+d for γ=(abcd)∈SL2(Z). Let c,c′ be the bottom left entires of γ1 and γ2, respectively. Using the identity j(γ1γ2,τ)=j(γ1,γ2τ)j(γ2,τ), we see that
G2(γ1γ2τ)j(γ2,τ)2j(γ1γ2,τ)2=G2(γ1(γ2τ))j(γ1,γ2τ)2=G2(γ2τ)−2πicj(γ1,γ2τ)=j(γ2,τ)2(G2(τ)−2πic′j(γ2,τ))−2πicj(γ1,γ2τ).
Dividing by j(γ1γ2,τ)2 and using the aforementioned identity again, we get
G2(γ1γ2τ)j(γ1γ2,τ)2=G2(τ)−2πic′j(γ2,τ)−2πicj(γ2,τ)2j(γ1,γ2τ)=G2(τ)−2πic′j(γ2,τ)−2πicj(γ2,τ)j(γ1γ2,τ).
For the transformation law to hold, we would need
c′j(γ2,τ)+cj(γ2,τ)j(γ1γ2,τ)=Cj(γ1γ2,τ),
where C is the bottom left entry of γ1γ2. But the left-hand side is equal to
j(γ1γ2,τ)c′+cj(γ2,τ)j(γ1γ2,τ),
so this would say that
j(γ1γ2,τ)c′+cj(γ2,τ)=C
is constant. How can this possibly be? I cannot find where I went wrong in this tedious calculation and it's unbelievably frustrating.
Answer
There's nothing wrong:
Cj(γ2,τ)−c′j(γ1γ2,τ)=(ca′+dc′)(c′τ+d′)−c′((ca′+dc′)τ+(cb′+dd′))=(ca′+dc′)d′−c′(cb′+dd′)=c(a′d′−b′c′)=c.
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