Saturday, 29 March 2014

modular forms - Weight 2 Eisenstein series transformation



Let
G2(τ)=cZdZ1(cτ+d)2


be the weight 2 Eisenstein series for τH. I'm trying to do an exercise from Diamond and Shurman aimed at establishing the transformation law
(cτ+d)2G2(aτ+bcτ+d)=G2(τ)2πiccτ+d for (abcd)SL2(Z).

The exercise is to show that if the above holds for γ1,γ2SL2(Z), then it holds for the product γ1γ2. Define j(γ)=cτ+d for γ=(abcd)SL2(Z). Let c,c be the bottom left entires of γ1 and γ2, respectively. Using the identity j(γ1γ2,τ)=j(γ1,γ2τ)j(γ2,τ), we see that

G2(γ1γ2τ)j(γ2,τ)2j(γ1γ2,τ)2=G2(γ1(γ2τ))j(γ1,γ2τ)2=G2(γ2τ)2πicj(γ1,γ2τ)=j(γ2,τ)2(G2(τ)2πicj(γ2,τ))2πicj(γ1,γ2τ).

Dividing by j(γ1γ2,τ)2 and using the aforementioned identity again, we get
G2(γ1γ2τ)j(γ1γ2,τ)2=G2(τ)2πicj(γ2,τ)2πicj(γ2,τ)2j(γ1,γ2τ)=G2(τ)2πicj(γ2,τ)2πicj(γ2,τ)j(γ1γ2,τ).

For the transformation law to hold, we would need
cj(γ2,τ)+cj(γ2,τ)j(γ1γ2,τ)=Cj(γ1γ2,τ),

where C is the bottom left entry of γ1γ2. But the left-hand side is equal to
j(γ1γ2,τ)c+cj(γ2,τ)j(γ1γ2,τ),

so this would say that
j(γ1γ2,τ)c+cj(γ2,τ)=C

is constant. How can this possibly be? I cannot find where I went wrong in this tedious calculation and it's unbelievably frustrating.



Answer



There's nothing wrong:
Cj(γ2,τ)cj(γ1γ2,τ)=(ca+dc)(cτ+d)c((ca+dc)τ+(cb+dd))=(ca+dc)dc(cb+dd)=c(adbc)=c.


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