Thursday, 22 September 2016

calculus - Radius of convergence of sumin=1nfty(n!)2xn2 and sumin=1nftyfracxn2n!



This is a question from an exam I recently failed. 😢



What is the radius of convergence of the following power series? (a)∞∑n=1(n!)2xn2 and (b)∞∑n=1xn2n!




Edit: Here's my attempt at the first one, if someone could tell me if it's any good...



∑∞n=1(n!)2xn2=∑∞n=1anxn where an=0 for any n∉{k∈N|∃t∈N:k=t2} and an=(n!)2 else. So the radius of convergence would be the inverse of limn→∞(n!)2/n=lime2/n⋅log(n!). The exponent with log of factorial becomes a series, ∑∞n=1lognn which diverges by comparison test with 1n, so the radius of convergence would be equal to 0.



Second edit: This is wrong. Correct answer below.


Answer



Let's consider the first series ∑∞n=1(n!)2xn2. The easiest way to find the radius of convergence is to forget this is a power series and treat x as a constant. Let's assume x>0 so that the terms of the series are positive and we can use any test we wish for the convergence/divergence of a non-negative series. Alternatively, replace x with |x| and check for absolute convergence instead. Using the ratio test, we get the expression
(n+1)!2x(n+1)2(n!)2xn2=(n+1)2x2n+1.
This expression converges if 0<x<1 to 0 while it diverges if x≥1. This implies that the series converges if 0<x<1 and diverges if x≥1. But this is a power series so the only possible value for the radius of convergence is R=1 (because it should converge when |x|<R and diverge when |x|>R).



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