Saturday, 17 September 2016

matrices - How to solve this determinant: $a_{ij}=|i-j|+1$?



I have to solve determinant of the following form:




$$a_{ij}=|i-j|+1$$



It looks like this:



$$
\begin{pmatrix}
1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & \cdots & n \\
2 & 1 & 2 & 3 & \cdots & n-1 \\
\vdots & \vdots & \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\
n & n-1 & n-2 & n-3 & \cdots & 1

\end{pmatrix}
$$



It looks something like Toeplitz matrix, but I haven't found any method of solving it. I would appreciate also a kind of hint that would help.



EDIT: OEIS gives a formula for absolute value: $(n+1)\cdot2^{n-2}$



http://oeis.org/A001792



Thanks in advance!



Answer



As suggested, add to the $n$th line the 1st one. Divide the resulting $n$th line by $n+1$ (this produces a factor $n+1$ in the determinant) for it to consist from $1$'s. Now for $j=1$ to $n-1$ do the following: subtract from the $j$th line the sum of $(j+1)$th and $n$th. In the end of this procedure, you obtain a lower triangular matrix with diagonal $(\underbrace{-2,\ldots,-2}_{(n-2)\;\mathrm{times}},-1,1)$. Hence, indeed,
$$\mathrm{det}\,a=(-1)^{n-1}2^{n-2}(n+1).$$


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