Wednesday, 29 May 2019

abstract algebra - Write x3+2x+1 as a product of linear polynomials over some extension field of mathbbZ3



Write x3+2x+1 as a product of linear polynomials over some extension field of Z3




Long division seems to be taking me nowhere, If β is a root in some extension then using long division one can write



x3+2x+1=(xβ)(x2+βx+β2+2)



Here is a similar question



Suppose that β is a zero of f(x)=x4+x+1 in some field extensions of E of Z2.Write f(x) as a product of linear factors in E[x]



Is there a general method to approach such problems or are they done through trail and error method.




I haven't covered Galois theory and the problem is from field extensions chapter of gallian, so please avoid Galois theory if possible.


Answer



If you want to continue the way you started, i.e. with
x3+2x+1=(xβ)(x2+βx+β2+2)


you can try to find the roots of the second factor by using the usual method for quadratics, adjusted for characteristic 3. I'll start it so you know what I mean:



To solve x2+βx+β2+2=0, we can complete the square, noting that 2β+2β=β and 4β2=β2in any extension of Z3 (since 41).
x2+βx+β2+2=(x+2β)2+2=0


But this is easy now since this is the same as
(x+2β)2=1


which should allow you to get the remaining roots.


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