Thursday, 21 March 2013

calculus - A problem about functional equations



We want to find all continuous functions f:RR that satisfy the equation f(x2+1/4)=f(x) for all real x.
Of course -If I am right- constant functions satisfy the equation mentioned, and as well many other do not such as polynomials, rational functions and etc.; But to find all of them!
I need your hints or solutions with my regards.


Answer



From f(x)=f((x)2+14)=f(x) we see that f is even and it suffices to consider x0.
For x1[0,12), the sequence defined by xn+1=x2n+14 is remains within that interval and is strictly increasing, hence converges to the fixpoint 12. By the property and continuity we conclude f(x1)=f(x2)=f(x3)==f(12).
For x1>12, the sequence defined by xn+1=xn14 remains in (12,), is stictly decreasing, hence converges to the fixpoint 12. Again we conclude f(x1)=f(x2)=f(x3)==f(12).


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