Thursday, 28 March 2013

convergence divergence - express the dirichlet series for the sequence d(n)^2 in terms of riemann zeta.




Prove that
n=1d(n)2ns=ζ(s)4/ζ(2s)


for σ>1



what i did:



I already proved this formally, that is, without considering convergence. I use euler products, that is, theorem 1.9 in Montgomerys multiplicative number theory:



If f is multiplicative, and

|f(n)|nσ<


Then
n=1f(n)ns=pP(n=0f(pn)pns).

I first prove that d is a multiplicative function. Then i apply Euler-products and after some technicalities, the result pops up.



However, my problem is the assumption for the Euler product. My naive bound for the divisor function is d(n)<2n, with the rough argument that d>n is a divisor if and only if n/d is a divisor d<n.
But this is not good enough , since this bound only lets me apply the Euler product form for σ>2.



I found some rather complicated bounds for the divisor functions on the internet, but since this is an early exercise in the montgomery Multiplicative number theory book (1.3.1 exercise 5) i doubt thats what i should use.




The post beneath consider the same problem, but it solved what i already solved, and ignore the convergence part:



Dirichlet series generating function


Answer



I found a solution myself.



We use Montgomery theorem 1.8 :



If α(s)=nNf(n)nsβ(s)=nNg(n)ns

converges absolutely, then their product converges to
γ(s)=nNh(n)ns


Where h(n) is the Dirichlet product fg(n)



Indeed,
α(s)=nNd(n)ns



converges absolutely for σ>1, so
α(s)2=nNdd(n)ns


converges as well, due to the theorem above.



But since d(D)d(n/D)d(n) we get

dd(n)=D|nd(D)d(n/D)D|nd(n)=d(n)2


and hence the result follows by direct comparison.


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