Monday, 1 July 2013

limits, series, derangements: simplifying the limit of a series to 1/e



I am trying to find the limit as n goes to infinity of the probability that a random permutation "deranges" a sequence of integers.



i started by writing a formula for the number of derangements that are possible in the sequence. then i divided that by the total number of combinations (n!) to find the probability. now i want the limit of the probability, so i took the limit as n is going to infinity. now, i have the
lim
at this point, i'm a little stuck. i know the answer is supposed to be 1/e, but im not sure how to get there. is (-1)^k/k! some famous oscillating series, that we can just say goes to the inverse of e. it seems difficult to reduce k to e.


Answer



Hint1 : For all real x, e^xcan be expressed as \sum_{k=0}^\infty \frac{x^k}{k!}



Hint2 : \frac{1}{e}=e^{-1}


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