Monday, 8 July 2013

Proof by induction and inequalities




I am stuck on this question:



given $a_1a_2≤(\frac{a_1+a_2}{2})^2$ prove by induction of m that $$a_1a_2...a_p≤(\frac{a_1+a_2+...+a_p}{p})^p$$ where $a_i$ are all positive and real and $p=2^m$ (an increase in m unity doubles the number of factors in the product)



On looking on other questions I know the sort of method but can't get it to work with this. I am fine with normal proof by induction (i.e. equals rather then inequalities) . Please can you give me some hints to work it out.


Answer



Note that



$$(a_1a_2)(a_3a_4)\leq\left[\frac{a_1+a_2}{2}\right]^2\left[\frac{a_3+a_4}{2}\right]^2 = \left[\left(\frac{a_1+a_2}{2}\right)\left(\frac{a_3+a_4}{2}\right)\right]^2\\ \leq \left[\frac1{4}\sum_{i=1}^{4}a_i\right]^4.$$




Use this to prove by induction that



$$\left[\prod_{i=1}^{2^n}a_i\right]^{1/2^n} \leq \frac1{2^n}\sum_{i=1}^{2^n}a_i.$$


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