I've been able to find the answer as a congruence to the smallest possible modulus (i.e. mod 8) but unsure how to find answer as congruence to mod 24. Also, is everything I've done below correct?:
gcd(9,24) = 3
Therefore, our congruence becomes 3x ≡ -1 (mod 8)
So, 3x ≡ 7 (mod 8)
We must find inverse 'c' of 3 (mod 8), i.e. 3c ≡ 1(mod 8)
gcd(3,8) = 1
let 3c + 8y = 1
Using extended Euclidean Algorithm, we get c = 1
Therefore, solution of 3x ≡ 7 (mod 8) (i.e. smallest possible modulus) is:
x ≡ 7 (mod 8)
Now, how to find solution as a congruence to modulus 24? Assuming everything I've done above is correct.
Answer
How do you get c=1. The inverse of 3c \equiv 1 \pmod{8} is c=3 (since 3\times 3=9). In this way, you obtain x \equiv 5 \pmod{8}.
Observe that 9 \times 5=45 and 24 \times 2=48, so x \equiv 5 \pmod{24}.
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